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CBSE Class 12 Maths Notes Chapter 1 Relations and Functions Pay for Important Notes: https://imjo.in/tXwbeJ Relation: A relation R from set X to a set Y is defined as a subset of the cartesian product X × Y. We can also write it as R ⊆ {(x, y) ∈ X × Y : xRy}. Note: If n(A) = p and n(B) = q from set A to set B, then n(A × B) = pq and number of relations = 2 pq . Types of Relation Empty Relation: A relation R in a set X, is called an empty relation, if no element of X is related to any element of X, i.e. R = Φ ⊂ X × X Universal Relation: A relation R in a set X, is called universal relation, if each element of X is related to every element of X, i.e. R = X × X Reflexive Relation: A relation R defined on a set A is said to be reflexive, if (x, x) ∈ R, ∀ x ∈ A or xRx, ∀ x ∈ R Symmetric Relation: A relation R defined on a set A is said to be symmetric, if (x, y) ∈ R ⇒ (y, x) ∈ R, ∀ x, y ∈ A or xRy ⇒ yRx, ∀ x, y ∈ R. Transitive Relation: A relation R defined on a ...